Cognitive science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cognitive science - Essay Example The modern evolutionary theory depicts human beings as agents that now pursue their interests, which eventually make genes to change. This idea leads to the concept of robotic rebellion when human beings act in ways that do not cohere with original intentions of the genes. However, it is unclear how the rebellion started and motivations of the rebellion. The target example here is the rebellion that human beings are shaping against the genes. Human beings are continually doing things that address their own desires but not in the interest of the genes. People have attuned to the environmental forces to shape what they learn for survival. With the modern evolutionary theory, it is not the genes that determine the things human begins do. Environment plays important roles in triggering human beings who then resort to learning things that comfort and promise them good life. The base example is the learning theory that will help in understanding the motivation and process of development of the modern evolutionary theory. The learning theory posits that human beings have empty brains called tabular rasa (Chance and Mark 274). People gain knowledge through interaction with the environment and consisting elements. The robotic rebellion as confers to human being as vehicles and genes as the controllers is evident through critical analysis of the observational learning. Observational learning relies on the cognition of individuals. According to the observational learning process, human beings learn through what they observe happening within their immediate environments (Chance and Mark 276). It is with gained knowledge that human beings determine lifestyles and strategies to survive in the environment. In the traditional setting of the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin, genes special memes used to shape knowledge and characteristics that are in the interest of the genes. With observation,

Directing the movie called Essay Example for Free

Directing the movie called Essay My name is Ahsan Mojumder . I am directing the movie called Romeo Juliet. My movie is basically written based on William Shakespeares mind blowing Romeo and Juliet. As a modern director I think Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is old fashioned. The language, communication system, characters everything has changed according to new era, as a director I am thinking why should the story line up remain the same. We can use the themes from Romeo and Juliet. Under these circumstances decided to make it contemporary upgraded version of Romeo and Juliet brief description of my upgraded story of immortal love is given below: Characters Romeo: 19 years old Vincent: Romeos father Mrs. Vincent: Romeos mother Juliet: 18 years old Bill: Juliets father Mrs. Bill: Juliets mother Morcutio: Juliets brother and Romeos best friend. Britney: Juliets friend Charle: Britneys Father Mrs. Charle: Britneys mother The story is about a couple of lover, who wanted to get together but the social status was not letting it happen. Vincent is rich merchant. He has massive business. Andrew is his one and only son. Andrew is a university student. He is studying in Computing and business. Morcutio is his best friend in university. Morcutios dad Bill is a clerk in an office. Mr. Vincent loves his son and daughter like every dad in this world. But his son and daughter are far away for him because he is always busy in his Business. Thats why he cant give them enough time. Romeo loves Juliet . Who is his best friend Morcutioss sister. Thats how they know each other. Both of the families dont know anything about the relationship between them. But Juliets mother starts to understand it nowadays. As days passing by love is becoming more and more dense. They are having a good time. But suddenly something start to happen in their life. Romeos mum and dad arranged their sons marriage with their friend Charles daughter named Britney. Romeo and Juliet become resourceless. They cant think about what to do. Should they run away from the society or they should sucide? They decided to ask Morcutios to help them. Morcutio talked with his parents but they said if Romeos family agree they havent got any problem about this relationship. Now its Romeos turn to ask his parents. But he hasnt got enough influence to talk to them. For Juliet sake he decided to tell them the truth. Romeos parents said no way because of her dad. Juliet talked with Britney to give them few more times. Britney said she would try her best. Britney did know that they love each other but she cant help it. Because this is her parent and Romeos parents wish. If they said something they said. which cant be changed. Thats why Britney doesnt want to talk to them. Juliets family is keep saying about the social difference economically. Andrew and Juliet are sitting together on Juliets home balcony. They are thinking how to stop this marriage and how to get together. They have decided they will leave this unscrupulous unverified society. They made a plan and went away from them. Their parents informed the police. But police says that they cant do anything in this case. Because they are young enough to make their own decisions. They gave the same statement to Police. They got married and lived happily ever after From the story I am going to direct the balcony scene where they decided to split up from their families. Each of the character has developed in my story rather than Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Settings: Location: A simple balcony. Shouldnt be luxurious to make a difference between Romeos home balcony. Than the audience can feel the social difference between two communities. Dress up: contemporary dresses and suits. Background music: Romantic. They both are sitting on chair and facing each other. They are discussing what to do. The script has been attached below- Romeo: I decide we are going to go far away from here. We will go somewhere else where nobody will try to split us. We will start a new life together. Do you agree with me love? Juliet: Whatever you say my Romeo. I gave you my heart, my soul, my mind and now you are asking for my opinion! I agree with you my Romeo. Romeo: You have saved me. If you would say no, I would suicide my love. Juliet: Never ever say that what you have just said. You cant die without me. If you have to tell me I would like to die with you. Romeo: (Holding her hands as they dance): I love holding your hands; may I kiss it? Juliet: (amused, cautious): You are being a little too bold in wanting to kiss me. If you are really a pilgrim, you should greet me only with your hand, as palmers do. Romeo: Hey, even holy pilgrim are human, they have got lips. Please let me kiss you. Stand still while I kiss you. (He kisses her lips) Juliet: (Thrilled and amused at the same time): you dont really need all this artificial argumentation to justify kissing me, you know. Lets get serious. As I said my story is a contemporary and upgraded version of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet I used regular pattern of English as script. William Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet was written in 1595. Actually Romeo and Juliet was written as a play . The story is of course about a pair of star crossed lovers. Two teenagers pursue their love for each other despite the fact that their families have been at odds with each other for decades. In Verona (Italy) in the late 1500s two powerful families the Montague and the Capulet have been feuding with each other for years. But two people from two different communities get together and falled in love. When they realised they are resource less about their love and life they choose a different way to get together. But for a bit misunderstanding they lead their life to death. The script used for Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet was basically in a special kind of poetic device called Sonnet. Which was also invented by great William Shakespeare. The main characteristics of this poetic device are- 1. 16 lines 2. Fixed rhymes pattern Italian cities were infamous for their long lasting deadly feuds between prominent families. Think the play was written as a part of his contribution with others to say no against such conflicts. The greatest theme in Romeo and Juliet is Love. As I said its a contemporary version of Romeo and Juliet so I tried my best to keep the vital theme of the play. But in this modern society everything has been changing rather than Shakespeares era. Such a fact like communication system could change the theme in Romeo and Juliet. I think if Internet would available on that time they might alive until they meet each other. So I have to change the theme slightly as a modern director of Romeo and Juliet. And I also have changed the characters line up in order to give you something different. I havent involved any violence in my story because nowadays violence is not a rear, so people dont want to see any violence between love and lovers. I mentioned earlier about use of language in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. As you have seen my script, which is written in regular pattern of English, so people can understand it easily and also the people of other countries can enjoy the movie. Ahsan Mojumder English Assignment #4 Name: Ahsan Mojumder Lecturer: Diana May.

Alexander Techinque Essay -- essays research papers

The Alexander Technique is not so much something you learn as something you unlearn. It is a method of releasing unwanted muscular tension throughout your body which has accumulated over many years of stressful living. This excess tension often starts in childhood and, if left unchecked, can give rise in later life to common ailments such as arthritis, neck and back pain, migraines, hypertension, sciatica, insomnia and even depression. Vast amounts of money are being spent on the treatment of these illnesses (to say nothing of the pain and discomfort that is endured by the sufferer), yet the number of patients continues to increase. With the right education, however, many people could be helped to understand the causes of their problems and be taught to help themselves, so that their aches and pains may either be relieved or avoided altogether. The Alexander Technique can help us to become aware of balance, posture and co-ordination while performing everyday actions. This brings into consciousness tensions throughout our body that have previously gone unnoticed, and it is these tensions which are very often the root cause of many common ailments. This is exactly what Frederick Matthias Alexander, the originator of the Technique, discovered when trying to get to the bottom of his own voice-related problem. When applying the Alexander Technique you will learn how to release unnecessary muscle tension. As most of this tension has built up very gradually over a number of yea...

John Locke: Property Rights :: Empiricists, Empiricism

One of most historically influential political thinkers of the western world was John Locke. John Locke, the man who initiated what is now known as British Empiricism, is also considered highly influential in establishing grounds, theoretically at least, for the constitution of the United States of America. The basis for understanding Locke is that he sees all people as having natural God given rights. As God's creations, this denotes a certain equality, at least in an abstract sense. This religious back drop acts as a the foundation for all of Locke's theories, including his theories of individuality, private property, and the state. The reader will be shown how and why people have a natural right to property and the impact this has on the sovereign, as well as the extent of this impact.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Locke was a micro based ideologist. He believed that humans were autonomous individuals who, although lived in a social setting, could not be articulated as a herd or social animal. Locke believed person to stand for, â€Å"... a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection, and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places, which it only does by that consciousness which is inseparable from thinking.† This ability to reflect, think, and reason intelligibly is one of the many gifts from God and is that gift which separates us from the realm of the beast. The ability to reason and reflect, although universal, acts as an explanation for individuality. All reason and reflection is based on personal experience and reference. Personal experience must be completely individual as no one can experience anything quite the same as another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This leads to determining why Locke theorized that all humans, speaking patriarchially with respect to the time â€Å"why all men,† have a natural right to property. Every man is a creation of God's, and as such is endowed with certain individual abilities and characteristics as gifts from God. Not being able to know God's exact wishes for man, Locke believed that all men have an obligation to develop and caress these gifts. In essence, each man was in charge of his own body and what was done with his body. Of course, for Locke, each man would do the reasonable thing and develop his natural skills and potentials to the best of his abilities, in the service of God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The belief in God given abilities and the obligations that follow are not totally deterministic. Man, endowed with reason, could choose not to develop these abilities.

Grove City v. Bell

Western Pennsylvania. Grove City College accepted students that received federal grants, but only grants that were used for educational purposes only. The college also repeatedly refused to use state and federal financial assistance meaning Grove City did not want the governments help, plain and simple. Even though they did not want the governments elp, it led the college to stop participating in direct institutional aid programs and federal student assistance programs.The college was required to Judge the students eligibility and to help fgure out the amount of loans the student should be given. (McCarthy) However, Grove Clty enrolled students who were given Basic Educational Opportunity under the Department of Education's Alternate Disbursement System. The Department of Education's Alternate Disbursement System decided that, â€Å"Grove City was a â€Å"recipient† of â€Å"Federal financial assistance† as those terms are defined in the regulations implementing Title (Leone) Grove City was then rdered to get rid of the Assurance of Compliance agreeing that, â€Å"to the extent applicable to it, with Title IX †¦ nd all applicable requirements imposed by or pursuant to the Department's regulation .. . to the end that . no person in the United States shall, on the basis ot sex, be †¦ subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity for which [it] receives or benefits from Federal financial assistance from the Department. † (McCarthy) Grove City denied the request to get rid of the Assurance of Compliance and the Department declared proceedings to show hat the students are ineligible to receive Basic Educational Opportunity Grants.The judge then said that the federal financial assistance received compelled Grove City to enter an order of assistance until they â€Å"correct its noncompliance with Title IX and satisfies the Department that it is in compliance with the applicable regulations. † (Grove City Col lege v. Bell) In a 6 to 3 decision Grove City College lost it's appeal. â€Å"According to the Court's decision, only the financial aid/admissions office was subject to federal regulation, not the entire College. † (Leone) However, four years later Congress passed the CivilRights Restoration Act of 1988 that expanded the Court's decision and made the College subject to federal regulation. â€Å"In response, the U. S. Congress passed the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988, also known as the Grove City Bill, over a veto by President Ronald Reagan. That law overturned Grove City College v. Bell and made it unequivocally clear that if any part of a school accepts federal aid, every part of the school is subject to Title IX regulations. † (Leone) Grove City College also withdrew from the Pell Grant for federal internships after the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 988 was passed.Grove City might have battled back and stood tall after the supreme court case, but it took a t oll on the college. â€Å"The college must work to replace, each year, what most institutions receive annually from the federal government in student aid, research grants, or federal contracts. † (Grove City v. Bell) The case of Grove City College v. Bell helped establish the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1988. Grove City was ruled against but still kept fghting even after the fact. One good thing that came out of this court case was the fact that only parts of the ollege were affected not the entire college as a whole.

Anicent Egyptian Art essays

Anicent Egyptian Art essays Egyptian art and architecture offer important clues to the religious beliefs and everyday life of that time. It is believed that the people of the Nile began producing art in the 7th millennium B.C., translation many, many moons ago. Their art consisted of decorative patterns of geometric shapes of varying sizes and obscure symbols on pottery. The direct representational drawings of animals, traps and hunters came later on (Bunson 29). The other forms of art were painting, relief, and sculpture. Relief work was 2-3 dimensional and was drawn on grids to insure accurate representation. Paintings were also produced in this process, using a prepared background of stone or mud plaster. Sculptures started off as squared blocks. A drawing was carved into the block and then cut away as the block was worked (Baines 59). Egyptian architecture evolved at the same pace as relief, painting, and sculpture. The earliest homes were probably versions of tents or roofless areas protected from the elements by walls. But the pieces of architecture that impress us the most are the pyramids, temples, and tombs (Bunsen 30). The tomb that interests me the most is that of King Tut`ankhamun known as King Tut. Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon found King Tut ¡s tomb in the Valley of the Kings in 1922. The tomb consisted of four rooms and held over 5,000 artifacts. The tomb was the most intact tomb to be found even though it had been looted and robbed twice. Temples were religious structures considered to be the  ¡horizon ¡ of a divine being (Macmillan 258). Ancient Egyptians believed that each temple had a link to the past and that the formulas and ceremonies that were performed there had happened for generations. Temples and tombs were the only building ancient Egyptians made out of durable material. The Egyptians called pyramids mr (Macmillan 211). Pyramids were erected as a tomb and stage for mortuary rituals. Pyramids were conside...

Character analysis of Eddie Essays

Character analysis of Eddie Essays Character analysis of Eddie Paper Character analysis of Eddie Paper A View from the Bridge is a contemporary drama written by Arthur Miller in 1955, who was born in New York City and studied at the University of Michigan. The play takes place in Brooklyn around 1950’s.  Eddie is an inarticulate character and is powerless in the face of his tragic fate. He harbors a secret lust for his niece Catherine which causes eventually his destruction. Throughout the play, he is seen as the tragic hero or tragic protagonist, meaning he is the central character on whom the tragedy befalls. Eddie is uneducated and hardworking determined to do his duty of his family and maintain the respect of the neighbour, â€Å"He is forty- a husky, slightly overweight longshoreman †¦ where the open sea begins.† He has genuinely been a loving guardian to Catherine and when necessary he has gone looking for work in Hoboken, Staten Island and so on.  Eddie’s jealousy over his attractive young niece Catherine seems to be more powerful than his love for Beatrice and his sense of honor as a Sicilian American. Miller uses characterisation, symbolism and plot to show how Eddie’s dark side gradually causes his death. In the beginning of the play, Eddie’s relationship with Catherine is like a father and a daughter which will eventually change to a man and woman’s relationship. These stages are usually small incidents but each of them develops a new point to the relationship. In Act One, when Eddie enters the house, he finds Catherine all dressed up and in a new style. His eyes â€Å"enveloping† her tells Catherine that she looks pretty and looks â€Å"like one of them girls that went to college.† This suggests that his interest in her is more than paternal. He adds that the skirt is a bit too short â€Å"but you gotta sit down sometimes†. Catherine disagrees with him and finds the skirt perfectly fine. Eddie is the alpha male in the house and tries to be in control of Catherine â€Å"Catherine, I don’t want to be a pest, but I’m telling you, you’re walking wavy†. Catherine is trying to be like any other girl however Eddie is not willing to let her do this â€Å"you ain’t all the girls† and stops her from growing up into sexually attractive, independent adult. By repeating accusations of â€Å"walking wavy† and drawing men’s attention, Eddie describes his own feelings: she gives him â€Å"the willies† and â€Å"aggravates† him. He is being protective certainly, but it is something that disturbs him emotionally. He calls her â€Å"Madonna type†: trying to impose traditional values of chastity and modesty in a modern culture where short skirts and high heels are the style now and flaunting femininity and sexuality is not frowned upon. Eddie’s determination is fixated on an impossible and unrealistic goal: to keep Catherine in the role that he has envisioned for her as a â€Å"Madonna never counting on the fact that she† would ever grow up. Eddie reminds Catherine of the promise he has made to her mother on her deathbed. Eddie says, â€Å"Katie I promised your mother on her deathbed. I’m responsible for you. You’re a baby†.  Eddie still thinks of Catherine as a baby â€Å"You’re a baby† and this idea prevents Eddie from allowing Catherine to grow up. When Catherine tells Eddie that she was waving at Louis (Eddie’s friend), he gets overprotective and warns Catherine by telling her â€Å"Listen, I could tell you things about Louis which you wouldn’t wave at him no more†. He protects Catherine from marriage or any male relationship and wants her for himself. Before the arrival of Rodolpho and Marco, his absurdly overprotective attitude to Catherine and his non-existent sex life with Beatrice briefly surface as subjects for arguments. Later Eddie’s problem are summed up by Beatrice’s questions, â€Å"when am I gonna be a wife again?†, and (to Catherine) â€Å"was there ever any fella he liked for you?† .  When Catherine lights Eddie’s cigar in the living room, it gives him unusual pleasure. This possibly warm and affectionate act between niece and uncle has phallic suggestions. The arrival of Beatrice’s cousins, acts like catalyst, and fuel the rising action of this drama. When Beatrice’s cousins arrive Eddie attempts to be the man of the house and warns Beatrice and Catherine not to tell anyone about the two illegal immigrants, â€Å"It never comes out of your mouth who they are or what they’re doing here.† In addition he authorises an incident to Catherine about â€Å"Vinny† who snitched about his uncle who was an illegal immigrant to the immigration. He has been ousted by the communities ostracised for the rest of his life and regarded with scorn and contempt. A similar fate is inevitable for Eddie, who is prepared to give up his status in the community to make Rodolpho go back to Italy, as he sees that as the only option available to him. Once Eddie is aware that one of Beatrice’s cousins, Rodolpho, sings, cooks, makes dresses, he gets angry as for Eddie it is just bazaar behaviour for a man. Eddie is shocked of his feminine quality as it is completely against the concept of masculinity.  That’s first where he begins to niggle away at him and then he goes a little bit further where he thinks he is not a man at all, maybe he is homosexual and that he shouldn’t be with Catherine. He tries to show Catherine that Rodolpho is not the right guy for her as he notices that both of them are attracted to one another. Eddie kissing Rodolpho and then Catherine leads to a catastrophe. Eddie deludes himself into thinking that Rodolpho â€Å"Ain’t right† to justify his efforts to discredit him in front of Catherine and does not care about the effect this has on his marriage.

Geography of Iraq

Geography of Iraq Capital: Baghdad Iraq is a country that is located in western Asia and shares borders with Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria (map). It has a very small coastline of just 36 miles (58 km) along the Persian Gulf. Iraqs capital and largest city is Baghdad and it has a population of 30,399,572 (July 2011 estimate). Other large cities in Iraq include Mosul, Basra, Irbil and Kirkuk and the countrys population density is 179.6 people per square mile or 69.3 people per square kilometer. History of Iraq From 1980 to 1988 Iraq was involved in the Iran-Iraq war which devastated its economy. The war also left Iraq as one of the largest military establishments in the Persian Gulf region (U.S. Department of State). In 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait but it was forced out in early 1991 by a United States-led U.N. coalition. Following these events social instability continued as the countrys northern Kurdish people and its southern Shia Muslims rebelled against Saddam Husseins government. As a result, the Iraqs government used force to suppress the rebellion, killed thousands of citizens and severely damaged the environment of the regions involved. Because of the instability in Iraq at the time, the U.S. and several other countries established no-fly zones over the country and the U.N. Security Council enacted several sanctions against Iraq after its government refused to surrender weapons and submit to U.N. inspections (U.S. Department of State). Instability remained in the country throughout the rest of the 1990s and into the 2000s. In March-April 2003 a U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq after it was claimed the country failed to comply with further U.N. inspections. This act began the Iraq War between Iraq and the U.S. Shortly the U.S.s invasion, Iraqs dictator Saddam Hussein was overthrown and the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established to handle Iraqs governmental functions as the country worked to establish a new government. In June 2004 the CPA disbanded and the Iraqi Interim Government took over. In January 2005 the country held elections and the Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) took power. In May 2005 the ITG appointed a committee to draft a constitution and in September 2005 that constitution was completed. In December 2005 another election was held which established a new 4 year constitutional government that took power in March 2006. Despite its new government however, Iraq was still highly unstable during this time and violence was widespread throughout the country. As a result, the U.S. increased its presence in Iraq which caused a decrease in violence. In January 2009 Iraq and the U.S. came up with plans to remove U.S. troops from the country and in June 2009 they began leaving Iraqs urban areas. Further removal of U.S. troops continued into 2010 and 2011. On December 15, 2011 the Iraq War officially ended. Government of Iraq Economics and Land Use in Iraq Geography and Climate of Iraq The climate of Iraq is mostly desert and as such it has mild winters and hot summers. The countrys mountainous regions however have very cold winters and mild summers. Baghdad, the capital and largest city in Iraq has a January average low temperature of 39Â ºF (4Â ºC) and a July average high temperature of 111Â ºF (44Â ºC).

Depends on what you talk about Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Depends on what you talk about - Assignment Example The most vocal and obvious of these popular culture mechanisms is of course visual media; to include Hollywood and television programming. Through this mechanism, fairness, goodness, and trust within the criminal justice system are nearly daily portrayed to the stakeholder within society. One can hardly turn on primetime television without encountering a dozen â€Å"crime dramas†; each of which seek to imbue the viewer with a sense of awe, appreciation, and trust with regards to the judicial process. Interestingly, the film which will be analyzed and compared/contrast within this brief analysis, â€Å"The Maltese Falcon† helps the reader to trace the development of how this concept of trust in the judicial system was introduced into the American consciousness via the silver screen. Film critics and scholars alike have denoted that â€Å"The Maltese Falcon†. As such, with regards to the films in question, the viewer is presented with a flawed lead character; a detective who is quite obviously cast as experiencing a lack of luster for his job and yearning for missing elements to a rather unfulfilled life. By casting the lead detectives in this way, the film is able to draw a level focus to the fact that even though the individual may be flawed, the criminal justice system is impartial enough to ensure that justice is still served regardless of the personal shortcomings that those who work within the process might exhibit. Yet, the careers of the failed professional represented in â€Å"The Maltese Falcon† does not discount the tacit level of trust or belief in the criminal justice system that is reflected; rather, it compounds it be intimating that the criminal justice system is so perfect and so omniscient that even their jaded and rather flawed a pproach to it will still return the same high minded result. An interesting aspect of the file, with regards

The Diffusion Theory of Innovation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Diffusion Theory of Innovation - Term Paper Example The French colonized other countries using a centralized system of governance in Paris leaving the countries without the freedom to deal with their local issues (Grier 319). The French government was also strict about the use of its own language in its territories and education was not in its primary agenda resulting in illiteracy of the people in the colonized countries. The British colonization used the decentralized form of government controlling the constitution and foreign relations of its colonies leaving the international trade, public lands, as well as trade surpluses under the control of the government of its colonies (Grier 319). The British also employs free trade agreement in its colonies and optimizes education of its people. The Spanish colonization, on the other hand, is the epitome of mercantilist government with strict restrictions on trade leaving no room for the colonies to bargain with other countries but only to Spain herself (Grier 320).   Bearing either positive or negative impacts, the people of the colonized country still has the authority and power on whether to accept dominion or revert to new perspectives that can bring socio-economic growth to their land more than what the colonizers have to offer. In this paper, the author demonstrates how colonialism affects the development process of the colonized countries. And also the author discusses the legacies of colonization on the macro level with references to specific economic situations or country experiences which depicts their score in development. The theory of colonialism states that there are two models to colonize a country, the mercantilist and the liberalist models. The mercantilist model of colonialism uses the central force of the state to control the assets of the country by instituting trade policies and tariffs, as well as controlling labor and wages (Lange, Mahoney, and vom Hau 1416).

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Human Resources - Essay Example 13 Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., and Sargeant, M. 2002. People Management and Development: Human Resource Management at Work. London: CIPD Publishing. 13 Mayock, P. 2011. 28 best practices for hotel operators. [online] Hotel News Now. Available at http://www.hotelnewsnow.com/Article/5800/28-best-practices-for-hotel-operators [Accessed 19 October 2013]. 14 McKay, M. n.d. What Is the HR Business Partner Model? [online] Chron. Available at [Accessed 19 October 2013]. 14 Price Waters Cooper. 2011. Shared service centres: opportunities and challenges in HR transformation. [online] Price Waters Cooper. Available at http://www.pwc.ch/user_content/editor/files/publ_hrs/pwc_shared_service_centres_hr_exec_summ_e.pdf Accessed 19 October 2013]. 14 Reilly, P. 2000. HR Shared Services and the Realignment of HR. [online] IES. Available at [Accessed 19 October 2013]. 14 Reilly, P and Williams, T. 2003. How to Get Best Value from HR: The Shared Services Option. London: Gower Publishing Ltd. 14 Snel l, S and Bohlander, G. ed., 2011. Managing Human Resources. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA. 14 Snider, M. 2003. Compatibility Breeds Success: How to Manage Your Relationship with Your Business Partner. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. 15 Storey, J. 2002. Human Resource Management: A Critical Text. Hampshire: Cengage Learning EMEA. 15 University of Michigan. 2013. Administrative Services Transformation Overview Presentation for Shared Services. [online] University of Michigan. Available at: http://ast.umich.edu/pdfs/Awareness-Presentation.pdf [Accessed 19 October 2013]. 15 Wenderoth, M. 2009. Change...On the other hand, when there are challenges facing the human resources department, profitability of the business cannot be guaranteed. Some of the challenges the human resources department can face include tension with the business owners, lack of proper power flow within the department. There are several ways these challenges can be addressed leading to regaining of business pr ofitability and success in its respective sector (Snell and Bohlander, 2011). The Snow mountain hotel has hotels and resorts across America, including Canada, United States, Bermuda, Mexico and Barbados. The hotel’s human resources department is in crisis. The department responsibilities and chores are not well-organized and structured and there has been tension between the owners of the hotel and the human resources management. They have varying perspectives and viewpoints on how the hotel should be run. Business leaders and owners have weight when it comes to making decisions, putting the human resources department between a hard rock and a wall. While they have the strategies on how to do their work, they cannot disregard the instructions from the leaders and owners. This paper will provide a number of propositions on how the human resources management should do to organize the department, agree with the owners and share responsibility. This is a human-resource strategy in which the company leaders and owners work together with the human resources department.

Marketing Plan for Saigontourist travel services Coursework

Marketing Plan for Saigontourist travel services - Coursework Example The "Marketing plan Saigontourist Travel Services" describes the way in which the service quality of the tourism industry will improve. Saigontourist is a renowned organisation which is observed to deliver continuous concentration over research and development initiatives in order to introduce innovative tour packages for its customers at frequent periodic intervals. It is worth mentioning that this might be considered as a major strength of the company which can facilitate the organisation to sustain in this fiercely competitive era of globalisation in the tourism industry. For this reason, it can introduce a travelling trip named ‘Cosy Viet’, including outstanding quality of services along with experienced consultants for its customers with the intention to provide them with highly satisfactory experience of travelling to all the implausible regions of Vietnam. It is in this context that the core product in terms of ‘Cosy Viet’ and similar other tour packa ges might assist Saigontourist to attain a higher level of customers’ satisfaction resulting in the overall augmentation of its profitability and its efficiency in relation to customer relationship management. Saigontourist is a state-owned travelling enterprise which desires to attain the largest section of market share in the tourism industry of Vietnam. Therefore, the organisation has been observed to deliberately attempt towards enhancing its brand image by improving its eminence and characteristics of services offered to the target groups. 3. Moreover, the introduction of ‘Cosy Viet’ is also expected to enhance the brand equity of Saigontourist resulting in the overall improvement of its prosperity. Based on this aspect, Saigontourist can also offer the facility of a knowledge tour guide in order to offer value added services at an efficient cost to its customers. This might significantly help the customers of ‘Cosy Viet’ to attain an overall view about the culture, beauty, nature and history of Vietnam and its neighbouring areas such as Dalat-Nha Trang, Da Nang-Hue and others. This in turn is most likely to facilitate in enhancing the dependency and satisfaction level of the customers further resulting in the ascendancy of Saigontourist4. In ‘Cosy Viet’ package, the consumers can also be rendered with extra facilities namely couple passes for luxury cruise day outs, old war site touring packages, river cruising tours and trips for Indochina. Moreover, varied types of insurances c an also be offered at a reasonable cost, in order to enhance customer gratification. Hence, it might facilitate Saigontourist to augment its brand value in the long run5. Price Pricing is the second most important aspect of marketing mix. In order to enhance the corporate image of Saigontourist, it shall be highly beneficial for the organisation to follow value-based pricing techniques, at the introduction stage of its new product, i.e. ‘

The role and importance of communication to organisational Essay

The role and importance of communication to organisational effectiveness - Essay Example 78-79). The managers make the production process by organizing and communicating to the employees on the area in which person is supposed to be. In regard to this, effectiveness in the production process is improved when the employees are informed on why they have been selected to perform particular tasks and not others. This creates harmony within the organization since they do not view job allocations as a form of oppression but as a way of developing their skills (Leopold et al 2005 p.56). Since organizations constantly change in order to match the varying consumer needs, communication becomes a necessity especially where goods and services are to be produced according to the customer’s specifications. Information flow along the management hierarchy needs to be effective in order for the workers to understand what and for whom to produce. For example, customers may order a specific amount of a particular quantity of product. Since they can not access the employees directly, they have to contact the management who are expected to satisfy their demands. If effective communication is not made to every one concerned in production, employees may end up not producing according to specifications given to the managers (Geoffrey 2004 pp. 34-36). Information regarding a change in production needs to be communicated through the available methods such as group discussions, team work and such so that the employees can discuss and exchange ideas in regard to the changes. Wit hout effective communication, an organization can not accomplish its goals. Communication with in an organization promotes transparency in the organization. It happens that when the employees do not get adequate information from their seniors, it is most likely that they may end up making the wrong decisions or conclusions in critical issues. For example, it is important for the employees to understand the criteria through which the management confers

Marketing Plan for Saigontourist travel services Coursework

Marketing Plan for Saigontourist travel services - Coursework Example The "Marketing plan Saigontourist Travel Services" describes the way in which the service quality of the tourism industry will improve. Saigontourist is a renowned organisation which is observed to deliver continuous concentration over research and development initiatives in order to introduce innovative tour packages for its customers at frequent periodic intervals. It is worth mentioning that this might be considered as a major strength of the company which can facilitate the organisation to sustain in this fiercely competitive era of globalisation in the tourism industry. For this reason, it can introduce a travelling trip named ‘Cosy Viet’, including outstanding quality of services along with experienced consultants for its customers with the intention to provide them with highly satisfactory experience of travelling to all the implausible regions of Vietnam. It is in this context that the core product in terms of ‘Cosy Viet’ and similar other tour packa ges might assist Saigontourist to attain a higher level of customers’ satisfaction resulting in the overall augmentation of its profitability and its efficiency in relation to customer relationship management. Saigontourist is a state-owned travelling enterprise which desires to attain the largest section of market share in the tourism industry of Vietnam. Therefore, the organisation has been observed to deliberately attempt towards enhancing its brand image by improving its eminence and characteristics of services offered to the target groups. 3. Moreover, the introduction of ‘Cosy Viet’ is also expected to enhance the brand equity of Saigontourist resulting in the overall improvement of its prosperity. Based on this aspect, Saigontourist can also offer the facility of a knowledge tour guide in order to offer value added services at an efficient cost to its customers. This might significantly help the customers of ‘Cosy Viet’ to attain an overall view about the culture, beauty, nature and history of Vietnam and its neighbouring areas such as Dalat-Nha Trang, Da Nang-Hue and others. This in turn is most likely to facilitate in enhancing the dependency and satisfaction level of the customers further resulting in the ascendancy of Saigontourist4. In ‘Cosy Viet’ package, the consumers can also be rendered with extra facilities namely couple passes for luxury cruise day outs, old war site touring packages, river cruising tours and trips for Indochina. Moreover, varied types of insurances c an also be offered at a reasonable cost, in order to enhance customer gratification. Hence, it might facilitate Saigontourist to augment its brand value in the long run5. Price Pricing is the second most important aspect of marketing mix. In order to enhance the corporate image of Saigontourist, it shall be highly beneficial for the organisation to follow value-based pricing techniques, at the introduction stage of its new product, i.e. ‘

Services management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Services management - Essay Example The goal of CSM is to focus the management structure on extraordinary client relations and service. If every of the four functions of management (planning, organizing, most important, and scheming) is customer-centered, then client service will be the foundation of an association. This is true whether the organization is a commerce, university, or administration separation. The following is an assessment of how every of the management processes can be listening cautiously on putting the client at the center of managerial behavior. Through the Pivotal Commercial Lending Solution, your sales power maintains the individual stroke that fosters high-quality customer relationships. At the similar occasion, they turn out to be part of a true sales team, with right of entry to a full knowledge bottom of the preponderance current customer in order. There's no more need to choose brains and bring together in order scattered among dissimilar systems in order to obviously see anywhere a customer association has been, and where it's leaving. Instead, all the customer information you require is instantly obtainable, so your advertising, sales and service teams all have the planned cleverness they need to make the most of opportunities at each point of customer get in touch through Research shows, for instance, that populace... There are two matters here: the first is the matter of doing what's right, and the next is the subject of responsibility what will advantage communities the most, and they go give in give. If you treat every customer with the admiration they merit, you will add to customer "retention" and support as healthy as revenues. Not to mention trust. Performance measures old by world-class organizations are inclined to be customer- somewhat than management-centered. Customer-centered presentation measures are connected with product excellence, reliability of service, waste decrease, timeliness, suppleness, novelty, and other indicator tied to actual work procedure completion of these events has often resulted in marked improvement in interior work efficiency and in the presentation of products and armed forces in the market. Conversely, management-centered presentation measures be tending to focus on short-term profits, price trade-offs, transaction-driven management, and useful department silos. This often consequences in a company-centered, interior management orientation, breakdown to appreciate what the customer really wants, and the give up of long-term presentation for short-term increases Employees sometimes stereotype clientele by believing that a convinced kind of customer will not pay money for or use your foodstuffs and/or services. This supposition can actually turn out to be a self-fulfilling prediction. Because workers wait for that the customer will not buy, use, or assist, they give less-than-great service; and since the service wasn't outstanding, the customer does not go back or buy a second occasion, and he or she may file a grievance or not tip healthy

Introduction to Routing and Switching Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Routing and Switching Essay 1. Introduction – Computer Network A computer network is a setup which comprises of multiple computers and devices to create connection in order to support the communication of all such devices. This facilitates sharing of information and resources to all the users present in the network. The following are the main purposes that the network provides to its users:  · Communication- networks allow free flow of communication among all the users. These include chat, messages, emails, conferences, etc.  · Sharing of Resources – Resources can be shared among all the users within a network. These include: o Hardware The different computers in a network can also make use of a single hardware attached to the network. Consider the example of a shared printer attached to multiple devices in the network like in case of a university or office environment. o Software- Network also allows users to share software application programs through their computers o Files and other data – Files and data can be shared among systems in a network environment through authorized access. This helps members to work and submit tasks on the same domain and within deadlines, thus saving from hassles. 2. The Open Systems Interconnection OSI Model The hardware components of the network operate at the layers of the OSI model which are briefly discussed below: Physical layer This is concerned with the functions that carry a stream of bits over a physical medium at the mechanical and electrical level. Hubs and Repeaters operate at the physical layer of the OSI model. Data link Layer This layer categorizes data from network layer (upper layer) into frames and handles errors of the physical layer to provide to the network layer. The Bridges operate at the Data link layer of the OSI Model. Network Layer The delivery of the packet is the responsibility of the network layer which can include multiple links. Network layer can be used in cases of multiple networks where there are some links between the networks. Routers operate at the Network layer of the OSI model. Transport Layer The transport layer is also responsible for delivery of packets but it also recognizes relationship between messages. This is done in proper order and the layer also ensures control of error and flow at the source as well as the destination. Session Layer This layer controls dialog and synchronizes interaction within the network. Presentation Layer This layer is also one of the most important layers as it is looks into the syntax and semantics of the data being transferred within the network. Application Layer This layer involves interfaces and other supporting frames for the user to access the network. 3. Hardware Components within a Network The following re the basic hardware components within a network to interconnect devices (Sosinsky 33): 3.1 Network Interface Cards (NICs) These are the components used to connect to another networking medium. The NIC has a unique identification number known as Media Access Control address (MAC address) that is provided by the manufacturer. 3.2 Repeaters Repeater is a device used to transmit signals after cleaning them by regenerating the original bit pattern. 3.3 Hubs Hub connects multiple devices in the network so that they appear as a single device, therefore, it has multiple ports. 3.4 Bridges These are also hardware components that connect multiple segments of the network. 4. Network Hardware Components – Routers and Switches Routers and switches are important components of the computer network that support the above mentioned purpose of a network. These are discussed in details as under: 4.1 Routers Router is a software or device that helps in transmitting data between users in a predefined manner, thus helping in serving the purpose of the network. The data is in the form of packets that travels along the network, where the routers process the data present in the packet. In many cases there is a pre-defined forwarding or routing table used to direct the information to the appropriate destination (Beasley 62). The main tasks of the routers include:  · Ensures information forwarding to the required destination  · Keeps track and avoids information from reaching where not needed 4.1.1 Characteristics The following are the characteristics of Routers:  · The routers correspond to internet Protocols such as the internet Protocol, internet Control message Protocol, etc.  · Provides interfaces between the packet networks through the required functions  · Sends and receives datagrams  · Chooses destination for the datagram according to the routing database  · Provides support facilities for network management which includes status and exception reporting, debugging, etc. 4.1.2 Routing Routing is the process of sharing information by connecting networks and translating protocols between them. It functions at the network layer of the OSI model, acquiring addresses from the IP header of the layer to get the sources and destination. Here the Routing Protocols are used. Routers also use the routing tables to decide the destination of the packets. The routing tables include:  · Address information  · Connection Priorities  · Traffic Rules Routing differs in its delivery schemes which include the following:  · Delivery to a single node (unicast) where the node is predefined.  · Delivery to multiple specified nodes (multicast)  · Delivery to all the nodes that are part of the network (Broadcast)

Evaluation and Case Study of Factors and Implementation of Organization

Evaluation and Case Study of Factors and Implementation of Organization INTRODUCTION Organizational change is a very common idea found among successful companies. In making the business productive it plays a significant role. In the early 1990s due to increased competition in global economy, new technologies, expanding markets results in more rapid change. As a result the management practices had been revived. Normally most people have negative opinion towards change. This is because of their doubts of loosing something. They have the incomplete knowledge of change process and this will affect their job personal life and workload. To overcome these negativity Oliver Recklies gave the idea that management need to keep in mind those negative side-effects of change in order to achieve the expected positive results. All the employees of the organization should participate for the success of project. The process of change is the nonstop implementation of policies and structures to changing external conditions. Change is not the exception but a steady ongoing process. As J ohn Naisbett said that a society in which we are living have been moving from old to the new. And we are still in motion experiencing disorder. The environment of the organization, even socially and politically is always changing. We are always looking for newer and better ways. The globalization and inter-cultural exchange had made us more vulnerable to change than ever before. The organizations need to adopt new technologies and management ideas for betterment. The strategic importance on cost cutting and competitive makes it even more important to be open to change rather to resist it. It is very important to accept the change in any form like functional, structural, operational, or strategic. It is very difficult to define change because every organization has different criteria. Each organization has different challenges. Also each organization has different policies, resources, and culture. The leader of each organization has different aim and objectives. In order to survive in the period of crises each organization should adopt the change without any fear.(Supreet Ahluwalia and Vivek Joshi ,2006) Factors influences change There are different factors which influence organizations change. These factors can be external (technology, Government policies, social pressure, cost of raw material etc) or internal (change leadership, decline in profit, union action etc).in this era of globalization the most commonly seen organizational changes are implementation of new technologies, mergers and downsizing. In todays business environment and within its competitive landscape, change management is managing to ensure the business right across the organization and within each of it individual departments is continually embracing change and reviewing and adjusting within itself to do the best it possibly can, to get to the top, to stay on top. Change Management is a firms capability to implement and maintain changes to its strategy, structure and its people that will result in the firm achieving the business results it seeks. Change management is a method of business improvement for organizations. Figure 1: Phases of change If organization is not in a constant phase of change management and continually assessing and adjusting then business may be at best average within its industry. For some organizations this means they may be going backwards and eventually bankrupt. Only those companies can survive which can adapt to changes. This change management model follows all other change management models and theories. Every organization can be summed up to be a combination of these three elements which includes the structure, the people and the strategy. Any change in any area of an organization will affect at least one or all of these elements. Figure 2: Three elements for change The structure is the systems are process with physical resources that support the strategic objectives of the organization. Change management specialists will review complete and properly structured management operating system (MOS). The people involved in this process are stakeholders, resourced people, and management team. All people involved n this process should be well informed and focused on the right things. They should communicate with each other. Figure 3: people involve in change management The strategy is the method for achieving the target of the organizations existence. Change management strategy provides the road map used for directing organization from where it is now to where you want it to go. The Skill of Change Management Managing change in the workplace while ensuring the operations strategy is on the right path. This can be achieved by the support of people and structure elements towards achieving the organizations corporate strategy. Phases of Change Organizational change involves the fear of loss inherent in this process, and this loss is mostly felt by employees. The Kubler Ross Grief Model addresses the emotional issues associated with change. The four emotional states experienced throughout the change process may be expressed by employees in behaviors that are obstacles to the process of change. This model consists of four stages given below: Denial The first emotional state during change is denial. This is the stage in which employees dont believe this is happening to them. They have certain fears and these fears should be addressed during this phase. This fear can be reduced by taking them in confidence. Fear and mistrust need to be replaced by acceptance. Resistances to change The second emotional state is resistance to the change process. Resistance is natural reaction to change. Eric B. Dent and Susan Galloway Goldberg (1999) discuss their research on the origins of this concept and the prevalent idea that managers must overcome this resistance or are doomed to failure. Kurt Lewin, the mid-twentieth-century social psychologist, introduced the term resistance to change as a systems concept affecting managers and employees equally. As we know that people of any organization are generally resistant to change. According to Scott Jaffe resistance is a stage that ends as individuals begin to separate from the past become more confident of their capability. They play their role by their participation to reduce resistance to change. For example, competition might force a business to organize work around processes to improve operating efficiencies. Functional departments involved in these processes would be combined. Employees might not see a need for this chan ge. The reasons for change must be fully explained so that employees understand why it is necessary to embrace the change. Chew (1990) studied the case of Machinists Mutiny. In his study he revealed that due to poor planning and implementation the change is stopped due to employee resistance. This article also includes expert opinions that organization should adopt so they have better implementation of change Once people are convinced that change is necessary, its time to move forward with implementation and consolidation of change. The response to resistance is very important. Forcing compliance may increase resistance. Those affected by the change probably know a lot about what is required to implement something new, and their input is important to the change process. The degree to which employees will support your new initiatives depends on how many of their recommendations are used. Explorations The third emotional state encountered is exploration. employees will search new roles if they are incapable to stop the changes. In this stage both individual role as well as the group role are defined. it is important that unresolved issues that continue to surface be addressed during this stage. One should be ready for the negative reaction of the employee. Those individuals should be warned at the first sign of falling back to old behaviors. This negative reaction can be changed to the positive if trust can be created among groups. Commitments The final emotional state is commitment to the change initiative. Mutual commitment is established for the change effort. Obstacles have been removed and the focus is on successful implementation of the changes. Models of the change process After years of failed change efforts, researchers are saying that knowledge of the change process is critical. To thrive we need to know successful change during and before the change process. There are five most popular models of the change process(Lewins three-step change model, Kotters eight-step plan, Harriss five-phase model, Fullans change themes set, and Greiners six-phase process).But in this report we will discuss only two of them. Lewins Three-Step Change Model Change involves a sequence of organizational processes that occurs over time. Lewin (1951) suggests this three step process. These steps mostly involve reducing the forces acting to keep the organization in its current condition. Unfreezing Moving Refreezing Figure 4: Three step model Unfreezing: This is the first step which is accomplished by introducing new information that points out failure in the current state. Crises often arouse unfreezing. This crisis can be due to increase in employee, demographic shifts, and an unexpected strike. This is not necessary that during unfreezing crisis always occur. For determining problem creating zones in organizations financial data, climate analysis and enrollment projections can be used. Moving: Once the organization is unfrozen, it can be changed by moving. This step generally involves the change in structure, development of new standards, attitudes, and behaviors. Some changes may be minor and involve a few members. Refreezing The final step is refreezing which involves stabilizing the change. In this step mostly the changes in organizations policy, organizational culture, or modification in organizational structure often accomplishes. Kotters Eight-Step Model John Kotter (1996) of Harvard University developed a more detailed approach for managing change which was based on Lewins three-step change model.the steps involved in this model are given below. Establish a sense of urgency: Unfreeze the organization by creating a convincing reason for change Create the guiding coalition: Create a cross-functional, cross-level group of people with enough power to lead the change. Develop a vision and strategy: Create a vision and strategic plan to guide the change process Communicate the change vision: Create and implement a communication strategy that consistently communicates the new vision and strategic plan Empower broad-based action: Eliminate barriers to change, and use target elements of change to transform the organization. Encourage risk taking and creative problem solving. Generate short-term wins: Plan for and create short-term wins or improvements. Recognize and reward people who contribute to the wins Consolidate gains and produce: The guiding coalition uses credibility from short-term wins to create more change. Additional people are brought into the change process as change cascades throughout the organization. Attempts are made to reinvigorate the change process. Anchor new approaches in the culture: Reinforce the changes by highlighting connections between new behaviors and processes and organizational success. Develop methods to ensure leadership development and succession. Types of Change Change can be categorized into four categories, structural change, cost change, process change, and cultural change. Structural change occurs when there is an alteration to the companys organizational structure. This reorganization may occur due to a merger. For instance, an organization that is intent on increasing its innovation may reorganize its traditional functional structure into a more flexible matrix structure that uses small, self-managed teams. Or, an organization that is expanding into new markets may adopt a divisional structure in which different geographic locations operate nearly independently of one another. Cost changes are those that occur when an organization attempts to reduce costs in order to improve efficiency or performance. Major adjustments may be made to departments to cut costs; reducing budgets, laying off employees in redundant positions, and eliminating nonessential activities may all be a result of cost change. Process changes are implemented to improve efficiency or effectiveness of organizational procedures. This may occur in production settings; there may be changes to how a product is created, assembled, packaged, or shipped. Or, in a service organization, there may be changes to the procedures used to accomplish work; new computer systems may create the need to change how paperwork is completed, or a new manager may modify the process used to handle customer complaints. Cultural changes are the least tangible of all the types of change, but they can be the most difficult. An organizations culture is its shared set of assumptions, values, and beliefs. A prototypical culture is the very bureaucratic, top-down style in which stability and standard processes are valued. When such an organization tries to adopt a more participative, involved style, this requires a shift in many organizational activities. Primarily, manager-employee relations are altered with a change in culture. IMPLEMENTING CHANGE Management must take a number of steps for the proper implementation of change. The first step in implementing change involves people of higher management and executives. For instance, in an organization new computer system is to be installed in all its areas. Then they major personal are not only top management but also lower-level managers who supervise the employees for the use of the new technology. A different set of key people would be involved in a cost-cutting change. If the company is reducing its operating budget in a specific division, the managers of that division and also human resources personnel should be involved. The human resource department is involved if there is change to personnel policies or in which demotions, transfers. After key personnel have been identified and properly involved, the second step in implementing change is to develop a plan for effective transformation. The plan should help to define the responsibilities of the key people involved. Also set short-term and long-term objectives for the changes. Because change can be unpredictable, the plan should also be flexible enough to accommodate new occurrences. The third step in implementing change is to support the plan. This involves the management. This key step involves facilitating employees to accept the change. The organization should provide the basic support to the employees like training, reward system etc. if organization does not provide this kind of support there are chance for the failure of the plan Change process is the final step of booming change implementation. Communicating with the employee about the change and its importance will be very helpful through out the process. As we know that change can create fear in employees and to relax them increased communication can help a lot. Managers should carefully listen to all their question and their advises to overcome their fear. Creating opportunities for employee feedback, such as holding meetings or having an open-door management policy may facilitate change more successfully. (Wendy H. Mason ,2003) Abrahamson (2000) gave the view of Change without Pain. The main theme in this article was change must take place, but change does not always have to be disturbing to the organization. The author believes companies should intersperse major change initiatives among carefully paced periods of smaller, organic change, using processes. The author calls this tinkering and kludging. By placing small changes between large changes, companies can manage change through dynamic stability. Dynamic stability is a process of continual but relatively small change efforts that involve the reconfiguration of existing practices and business models rather than create new ones The goal of dynamic stability is to create a change which can be sustained long term, not just in the short term. To achieve dynamic stability the big and small changes must be done at the right time, at the right pace and the organization must tinker and kludge. Tinkering is taking a current process and making small changes to it . This is done at a low cost to the company and the results are often very quick. Kludging, on the other hand, is tinkering but on a larger scale. Kludging looks at outside resources for improved parts or processes and looks at the unused resources within the company. Many companies do not realize they have resources not being used because the processes using the resources are to slow to fully utilize the capacity of the resource. CASE STUDY This case study was based on a company called Trail Manufacturing which produces cable crane components. This study was done by Chew(1990).The company was a mid-sized company set up to run high volume jobs on manual equipment. But with todays economy and competition, Trail determined the best money was in low volume jobs. The President of Trail decided to bring in new technology to replace the old machines. He researched the new machines and decided to bring in eight flexible manufacturing cells which would replace twenty-eight old six-spindle screw machines. Since this was new technology and training would be needed a plan was laid out to set up teams, one for each cell, and the company would phase in the new machines. Each team would be trained and then they would construct and run their own cell. Once one cell was on-line a new cell team would start up until all eight cells were on-line. The first five teams went through the process fine, but at team six the company had a problem. Team six consisted of men who had been at the company many years. The team went to the president and told him they refused to switch over to the new machines. They felt the old machines were running fine and the new machines did not show the expected improvements, so they wanted to continue working on three six-spindle screw machines. At this point the president had to determine if he wanted to keep going with the project or alter it to keep some of the old machines. Some management personnel felt that if the new cells were going to work, a clean break had to be made from the old machines. Others felt that since the productivity gains were not being seen yet by the new cells, the possibility of keeping the old machines for a short time might be a good idea. The case ends without a decision being made by the company. Four experts in operations management give their opinions on the situation. Only one out of the four said the company should continue on with the original plan and if t he members of team six leave the company then it is the price to be paid for progress. The other three are quick to point out the president made a wrong assumption in the planning. He assumed that by bringing in new technology productivity would improve. This is a wrong assumption because technology is only as good as the company and how the company works. One of the experts points out truly understanding how the whole system plays together, and not just implementing the latest technique, means bridging the gap between the emotional and the technical. The president did not see that by bringing in new technology it would change the culture of the shop floor. Men who had years of experience on the old machines and were in seniority would be at the same level or lower than the younger more computer literate employees. This would be a big culture change for the employees. Most of the experts suggested slowing down the remainder of the cell startups and specifically addressing the concer ns of the men on team six. If team sixs concerns are not addressed there could be more problems with the rest of the teams. This article showed a good picture of how a company has to go about major changes, especially ones affecting the culture of the company. The expert opinions enhanced the article and I would highly recommend this article because it is an example of a case that is played out in companies all over. CONCLUSION Today change is the necessary of survival and a way of carrying out your business. Every Organization or firms should under go change with the passage of time otherwise will survive. This change along its success also brings fear of employees to come out of their comfort zones to uncomfortable zone.this leads to resistance to change. How effectively and efficiently the top management and leadership within the organization address these issues and how well are they prepare to handle the resistance will decide the faith of the organization and its success in implementing change. The importance of good communication system and the role it plays in make change process smooth and less painful can not be undermined. RECOMMENDATIONS Following are some recommendations. Managers should improve their interpersonal and communication skills so that they could help their staff overcome the pains associated with change. Tell people the truth and give as much information as you can. Keep giving information as soon as possible. Give them time to digest the news. Give them time to vent there might be anger because this is normal reaction. Listen to staff and their concerns dont interrupt them so they can reduce their fear. REFRENCES Abrahamson, E. (2000). Change Without Pain. Harvard Business Review, 75-79. Chew, W. (1990). The Case of the Machinists Mutiny. Harvard Business Review, 4-8.) Dent, Eric B., and Susan Galloway Goldberg. Challenging Resistance to Change.' Journal of Applied Behavioral Science (March 1999): 25. Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science. New York, NY: Harper Row. Oliver Recklies Managing Change Definition und Phases in Change Processes www.themanager.org/strategy/change_phases.htm. (accessed on 12 of November) Supreet Ahluwalia and Vivek Joshi (2008)managing Change in an Organization. http://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC707/fc707.html (accessed on 13 of November) Wendy H. Mason (2003) ManagingChangewww.referenceforbusiness.com (accessed on 12 of November)

Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death Essay -- Because

Emily Dickinson's Because I Could Not Stop for Death Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a remarkable masterpiece that exercises thought between the known and the unknown. In Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop Death,† there is much impression in the tone, in symbols and in the use of imagery that over flow with creativity. One might undoubtedly agree to an eerie, haunting, if not frightening, tone and use of symbolism in Dickinson’s poem. Dickinson uses controlling adjectives –â€Å"slowly† and â€Å"passed† – to create a tone that seems rather placid. For example, â€Å"We slowly drove –He knew no Haste / †¦We passed the School †¦ / We passed the Setting Sun† (5,9,11,12), sets a slow, quiet, and clam atmosphere. The tone in Dickinson’s poem puts readers’ ideas on a track towards a boggling atmosphere. Dickinson’s poem lives on complex ideas that are evoked through symbols, which carry her readers through her poem. Besides the literal significance of –the â€Å"School,† â€Å"Gazing Grain,† â€Å"Setting Sun,† and the â€Å"Ring† –much is gathered to complete the poem’s central idea. Dickinson brought to light the mysteriousness of the life cycle. The cycle of one’s life, as symbolized by Dickinson, has three stages and then a final stage of eternity. â€Å"Schools, where children strove† (9) may represent childhood; â€Å"Fields of Gazing Grain† (11), maturity; and â€Å"Setting Sun† (12) old age. In addition to these three stages, the final stage of eternity was symbolized in the last two lines of the poem, the â€Å"Horses Heads† (23), leading â€Å"towards Eternity† (24). Dickinson thought about the life cycle in terms of figurative symbols. Dickinson describes the scene such that mental pictures of sight, feeling, and sound com... ...ld not stop for Death," will leave many readers talking for years to come. This poem then, puts on immortality through an act of mere creativity. Indeed, creativity was captured at all angles in this striking piece. Bibliography Dickinson, Emily. "Because I could not stop for Death." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford-St. Martin’s, 1997. 642-643. Greenaway, Kate. "Ring-a-ring-a-roses." The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Ed. Iona and Peter Opie. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951. 365. Greenberg, John M. "Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death." Explicator. v49n4. Summer 1991. 218. Monteiro, George. "Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death." Explicator. v46n3. Spring 1998. 20, 21. Shaw, Mary N. "Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death." Explicator. v50n1. Fall 1991. 21.

Free Candide Essays: The Human Corruption :: Candide essays

Human Corruption in Candide According to Voltaire, Man's goal is his own happiness.   This goal all too often is a mirage. (Gay 26)  Ã‚   Man is the prey of his own passion, victim of his own stupidity.   Man is the play thing of fate. (Gay 26)  Ã‚   The human condition is set with ills that no amount of rationality can cure. (Gay 27)  Ã‚  Ã‚   This human condition translates to human corruption. Voltaire hints of this corruption through Candide.   Candide impacted society as Voltaire knew it.   English Admirals that loose battles are no longer shot as object lessons in military perseverance. (Weitz 11)  Ã‚   However, there is very little lessening in our time, of the human scourges of war, famine, rape, avarice, persecution, bigotry, superstition, intolerance, and hypocrisy that make up this element of human corruption that is addressed in Candide.   Candide still serves as an effectual whip with which to lash once again the perpetuators of this suffering. (Weitz 12) The theme of human misery is Voltaire's primary achievement in integrating philosophy and literature in Candide. (Weitz 12)  Ã‚   "Do you think," asks Candide of Martin as they approached the coast of France,"that men have always massacred each other, as they do today that they have always been false, faithless, ungrateful, thieving, weak, inconstant, mean spirited, envious, greedy, drunken, miserly, ambitious, bloody, slanderous, debauched, fanatic, hypocritical, and stupid?".   Martin replies with further question." do you think that hawks have always eaten pigeons when they could find them?" "of course I do" Candide answers.   Martin responds,"well, if hawks have always had the same character, why should you suppose men have changed theirs?". Although survey of the characters in the novel certainly supports much of this assessment by Martin, one need think only of the snobbish Baron, the knavish Dutch captain, Vanderbendur, the Brazilian Governor, the bestial Bat avian sailor, the hypocritical Jesuits, the avaricious Jews, and the thieving abbe' from Perigord. Free Candide Essays: The Human Corruption :: Candide essays Human Corruption in Candide According to Voltaire, Man's goal is his own happiness.   This goal all too often is a mirage. (Gay 26)  Ã‚   Man is the prey of his own passion, victim of his own stupidity.   Man is the play thing of fate. (Gay 26)  Ã‚   The human condition is set with ills that no amount of rationality can cure. (Gay 27)  Ã‚  Ã‚   This human condition translates to human corruption. Voltaire hints of this corruption through Candide.   Candide impacted society as Voltaire knew it.   English Admirals that loose battles are no longer shot as object lessons in military perseverance. (Weitz 11)  Ã‚   However, there is very little lessening in our time, of the human scourges of war, famine, rape, avarice, persecution, bigotry, superstition, intolerance, and hypocrisy that make up this element of human corruption that is addressed in Candide.   Candide still serves as an effectual whip with which to lash once again the perpetuators of this suffering. (Weitz 12) The theme of human misery is Voltaire's primary achievement in integrating philosophy and literature in Candide. (Weitz 12)  Ã‚   "Do you think," asks Candide of Martin as they approached the coast of France,"that men have always massacred each other, as they do today that they have always been false, faithless, ungrateful, thieving, weak, inconstant, mean spirited, envious, greedy, drunken, miserly, ambitious, bloody, slanderous, debauched, fanatic, hypocritical, and stupid?".   Martin replies with further question." do you think that hawks have always eaten pigeons when they could find them?" "of course I do" Candide answers.   Martin responds,"well, if hawks have always had the same character, why should you suppose men have changed theirs?". Although survey of the characters in the novel certainly supports much of this assessment by Martin, one need think only of the snobbish Baron, the knavish Dutch captain, Vanderbendur, the Brazilian Governor, the bestial Bat avian sailor, the hypocritical Jesuits, the avaricious Jews, and the thieving abbe' from Perigord.

Development, Influence and Impact

As parents we continue wondering if the outside influences will be a positive influence on our children as they form relationships. This paper compares the systems of the Bacteriological Model of Human Development by providing examples of the influences on a child's growth of standard and irregular development in children as well as puberty, the interaction between cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development and its ability to influence overall child development. Development The model of human development has been summarized through Erie Frontbencher one of the world's foremost professionals in the field of developmental psychology.Within the writings of Frontbencher it is understood that his belief in the development of children is not Just one thing or system; Frontbencher reports there are numerous outside influences that help mold the child's personality/character (1990). The Microsystems stands for the connotations concerning other Microsystems. For example, how the family relates to the school, church as well as to how the family interact with their peers. The Ecosystem associates the social setting that a person does not have an active role. For example, a spouse's or youth's knowledge at home possibly will be swayed by a mom's Involvements at work.For instance let's say the mom received an advancement that necessitates additional travel, this could cause an argument between she and the husband that in turns changes the communication all use with each other. When addressing the Microsystems we address the culture In which persons live. Everyone's Microsystems grows and changes over time, each continual peer group could change the Microsystems that Is unique to each person (Call, R. V. , & Caving, J. C. 2010). The Imitating of ecological actions In Dalton to the changes that occur such as divorce Is an example of the final system called the Chronometers.Influence It is clear along with the usual role of educating; schools have a larger part to play in the progress of our children. However, they cannot and should not be the only responsible fragment of our children's education/development. Along with the incorporated into the Micro-system which makes a child's Microsystems complete (Beer 2000). When communication is poor between different micro-systems, more gig risk people develop and are more unlikely to adjust in the general public. To reach the best outcomes for a child, stimulating yet active styles must be combined in the teaching method.The family is the most powerful unit of the Microsystems and such as controls how the youth performs in school. For that reason it demands that the school and the family interact to yield the best results. The family generates an inspiring atmosphere by getting involved with their children's accomplishments (Addison 1992). The parental/school collaboration exists because it is the general public that allocates all the means to the school. Furthermore, the public also defines what material and which programs will be used in the school curriculum.Unfortunately in many of our school districts children do not have an equal playing field nor do they have the opportunity to succeed as well as learn equally as individuals. One of the key reasons for this is directly traced to the child's socioeconomic standing; a family's socioeconomic status is based on family income, parental education level, parental occupation, in addition to their social status within the community. According to Frontbencher (1990), outcomes uncovered that children from upper class cultures have a better chance of success than children of low income families.In addition, upper class individuals have the chance to go to better schools with better/healthier services. However, not all children who come from poor backgrounds are assured to fail but then the following circumstances need to be accessible; there needs to be an atmosphere at home that stimulates the child to study, the family sets reasonably high expectations for their children as well as the family is involved with the child in avian fun, recognizing the accomplishments of the child and then praising the child for their effort.One of the main barriers for lower class families is the lack of ability to enroll their children in extracurricular activities, for example, after school programs, summer camps etc. I agree with Beer (2000) when stating the experience or impact the child brings with them into the classroom can be in itself an incentive or motivating factor for success. Children from poor backgrounds will try to be successful so that they can escape the difficulties that they have experienced.On the other hand, since children with upper class parents have many more opportunities than those from a lower income status, they may see no need to work hard. In this case, chance has no part to play in how well a child does in school. Need is what drives children to grab the chances that come their way. Just as it is sta ted that not all poor children will fail in becoming successful not all upper class children have had the proverbial spoon feeding. Brotherliness's biological methods are focused on the quality as well as circumstance of the child's surroundings.He states that as a child ages, the message inside these surroundings come to be more complicated. This complexity can increase as the child's physical and cognitive structures grow and develop. For example, our economy has moved from a manufacturing model to a technical model; however the designs of the office have been determined by the faith of the manufacturing work code. Adults/parents are likely to work a schedule that revolves enables workers to be free of manual labor should free them from the time, place boundary restriction which would allow more participation from parents. ImpactOur views of learning and development have changed dramatically over the past several decades. Our perspective has changed from seeing learning as an indi vidual and passive experience to recognizing learning as an active, dynamic and developmental process. We now understand learning and growth as happening surrounded by a broader context of persons, places, and natural settings. Family life in this country has taken a back seat to the needs of the workplace. Also the debt model used to decide the level of support allowed by the public to low income family's needs to be review, and revised.Adults must announce themselves to need in order to meet the requirements for help that may possibly have come about because of our national price of freedom. The more amount of failure reported means a larger amount of possible support the family could receive. If it is not enough we ask the family to demoralize themselves by taking what pride they have we expect them to have the mental strength to climb up the thread that had been thrown for assistance. The volatility and impulsiveness of family life that we have let our budget generate is the gre atest damaging force to a child's growth (Addison, 992).Children do not have the endless interaction with significant adults that is necessary for their development. According to Frontbencher we must nurture social outlooks that value work completed on behalf of children at all levels: patisseries, educators, extended family, counselors, work administrators, lawmakers. The bio ecological systems theory combines sociology and thinking, through persons, and their surroundings influencing one another. Families continue to struggle balancing work and family [micro-system and ex. system].Laws pressure and even est. the very existence of some people, for example, migrant inhabitants who cannot live together with their relatives [micro-system and macro-system]; treacherous regions or possibly schools that create wild and disloyal troposphere for families and children [micro-system and macro-system]. Brotherliness's model shows how the individual matures inside, how the person is swayed and also by identifying the affects the systems [Coloratura context]. Relationships and Interactions To have the greatest effect, supports need to be flexible, balancing one another, moving in and out of their comfort zone.Collaborating with an available set of community wide assets that support learning as well as adult influences on the child's community growth; this can be divided into direct and indirect patterns of influence. Direct influence is linked with a parent or caregivers personal intervention or guidance of a young child's social attitudes, reactions and behaviors. Indirect influence is related with a parent's or caregivers example and the atmosphere he or she creates for children to comprehend in addition to supervising social contacts.Parents and other adults influence children in both direct and indirect ways. For example, a parent could help a child Join a group of children playing a game together; this is an example of a direct influence. An indirect example could lo ok like a teacher who spent a little time counseling a specific student while other students observed; they come to the conclusion through this observation that the teacher who was spending the time with their friend is now seen as approachable. With social examples. Parents and other adults often are unconscious teachers of young children.Young children may sift through and cast off the information parents or other adults consciously try to teach them. But the pattern a parent or caregiver demonstrates in how to treat others tends to leave a more powerful and lasting impression. Practice Positive Discipline, the discipline style of parents or caregivers can have a large influence on children's social skills. Children seem to learn how to interact with others from the model their parents use with them. A very important action a caregiver can give to each child is finding playmates for their children, setting play dates for their children.Enrolling children in organized social activi ties, such as swimming, soccer, preschool, 4-H clubs, helping children achieve access to a social position by making introductions, participating in a game with other children, etc. Encouraging children to practice appropriate social interaction, such as sharing toys, asking for favors, saying please and thank you, in addition to arranging and organizing a play group that meets regularly, providing your home or yard for a play environment, giving some supervision to the play Parents and caregivers can model positive conflict resolution for children.If possible, parents and other adults should use disputes as an opportunity to teach ND demonstrate peaceful ways of negotiating and compromising to children. Parents and caregivers can step in to help children negotiate differences with others and mediate for them as needed when they are not getting along with others. Model effective conflict resolution and encourage appropriate behavior. Be a positive example of working through conflict or differences with others.Practice parental coaching, which involves varying levels of supervision based on a child's age and needs, and superseding as needed when social situations become too challenging for young child to manage. Supervision of social interactions should become less intense and less obvious as children grow older, taking place more from a distance. With older children, children can be coached on their interpersonal relationships in private and with follow-up.Coaching and supervision may inhibit social development if done harshly for example, if the parent is overly involved [poor boundaries] or uses physical force or aggressive verbal communication to intervene. Conclusion While there is no crystal ball and only hind sight is 20/20, the birth of a child signifies the beginning of a new life. New lives that are unprotected and will be subjected to several significant experiences that will play have a major influence on the growth of the child.Even though every ch ild born is different from any other we have discussed the one constant that all children need weather they come from a family of means or a family that has little to offer financially. Children are looking for the affirmations that should be present within their home and with the child/parent/ caregiver relationship. However when the person is missing that bond he or she will kook for attention in unsuitable places; and unfortunately especially in adolescence they will learn anti-social behavior, display a lack of self-discipline, as well as have the inability to provide self-direction (Addison, 1992).

Christianity and mathematics Essay

This paper deals with interrelation between Christianity and mathematics. It has been observed that God is the creator of this universe and He is also the creator of our various mathematical formulae and deductions. Like Universe and God, they are also eternal and cannot be ever destroyed. The paper has also described how Christianity has described the relation between God and our numeric system, which is the basic foundation of Mathematics. Christianity and mathematics 3 Link between Christianity and mathematics – philosophical aspect Let us consider the formulae for earth’s mass distribution, orbital path of celestial bodies and population fluctuation. They are simple mathematical formulae that describe the creation of this universe and humanity. According to Christianity, who is the creator of this Earth? It is none than the God himself. Jonathan Zderad (2003) has stated in the article written in the website http://www. acmsonline. org/Zderad-creationism. pdf that universe, that is the creation of God is hardwired by the laws of mathematics. If one have a look at the theorems of mathematics, it seemed that they were true before time began and will continue to be true after time lapses. Jonathan has mentioned this in his article in the above mentioned website. Mathematics exists beyond human thought and logic. Christianity believes that only God can create such things which are eternal and divine. Jonathan (2003) has mentioned in his article that mathematics existed beyond time and space. According to Christianity, only God, the supreme power behind this human existence can exist beyond time and space. It is very much clear from the Biblical records that god gives value to numbers. To quote from the above mentioned website, â€Å"For Christians, God’s counting is what gives the believer a place in heaven. Jesus compared himself to a shepherd who leaves the ninety-nine sheep to rescue one sheep that is lost. He values each and every one of us. † (p. 6). Jonathan Zderad (2003). The Holy Bible has drawn many references from the numeric system of mathematics. How Christianity is linked to basic numeric system of mathematics Jonathan (2003) has also described in the above mentioned article how Christianity is Christianity and mathematics 4 related to our numeric system. The author has described that while the Number represents unity, number 2 is the symbol of fellowship and number 3 representing the community. The author states that these numbers represent spiritual qualities. The author has stated in the article that Bible has enough indications that it is God who has created the series of integers, rational and irrational numbers and real numbers. Jonathan has argued in the article that Bible has strong reference to the concept of counting. Numbers were generally used to describe dimension while building a place of worship. How Creation of God is linked with creation of mathematics The author has also suggested in the above article that there is a clear view of Christian view of Mathematics, which is described as creationism. Creationism has got four aspects. The first one is continuity. God makes his own creation in such a way that it is continuous. The second aspect is activity. The author has stated that he has created all these mathematical entities out of his own mental divine activities. The third one has been described as the abstract object inclusive. To quote, â€Å"As a general rule, theists would include mental objects and spiritual objects in the list of God’s invisible creation. Creationism also includes abstract objects like propositions, relations, and universals in this list of God’s invisible creation†. (p7). Jonathan Zderad (2003). The fourth one is that it is mathematically inclusive. It believes that Mathematical objects are created by God and they have an eternal quality, which can only proceed from the mind of God. Christianity and mathematics 5 Reference Zderad, Jonathan. (2003) Creationism – A Viable Philosophy of Mathematics. www. acms. org. Retrieved on 15th December, 2008, from http://www. acmsonline. org/Zderad-creationism. pdf

RECRUITMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RECRUITMENT - Essay Example Employers will not have to take drastic measures aimed at increasing employee morale; this is because the employee during the application process already knew what she was getting into in the first place. The approach is also strategic in that the employee will eliminate applicants whose motivation in the work place will be derailed by the negative aspects of the job. This saves time and resources for the employer in terms of not training an employee who will not match up the job’s expectations. On the other hand, the applicant is given a chance to look for a different job, which matches up her expectations (Pickard 1). The first disadvantage associated with this approach is the fact that many applicants become discouraged and develop negative attitudes towards a task they have not already engaged. For instance, presenting the applicants with videos depicting views of other employees regarding their job may instill negativity in an employee who is highly motivated. This is true because some employees are usually more motivated than others; they see any negativity as an avenue for a new opportunity (Pickard 1). The second disadvantage is on the side of the employer. Many capable employees will be turned down, and the employer will be obligated to channel more resources to be used for advertisement purposes. The employer will waste a lot of time looking for suitable employees and this result in unproductive working days (Pickard 1). The third disadvantage is that the method kills any morale or inner motivation from an applicant. The employees in the video may state many positive aspects of the job and a single negative aspect. The applicants may come to register the negative aspect, which results in killing their morale for that job. The negativity expressed by the employees maybe personal, furthermore it may also be difficult to prove the truthfulness of the employees in the video